To prevent a cartel harming consumer’s benefit,
lots of Governments adopted the Leniency program
1) Definition
a syndicate or trust of firms,
created to generate unfair profits
2) Bad influence of cartel
1)By increasing prices,
and 2)decreasing outputs
Cartel harms consumer’s benefit
History of the Leniency Program
Since the adoption of the U.S.
of the Leniency Pro
of stabilized international price. It is revealed that LPG supply companies determined LPG sales price many times through the exchange of information and contact. Also, LPG suppliers established and enforced various ways to shirk competition and maintain price at a high level. Therefore, Fair Trade Commission ordered prohibition of unfair common action through the exchange of information.
competition. They support the view the free trade is mechanism by which powerful economies dominate the weaker ones. They argue that cinematograph films especially is a way powerful economies indirectly and negatively affect dominant cultures and life styles (Choi, 2007).
Figure 1. Average Production Costs of Korean Films by year (unit: hundred million won)
Source: Korean Cinema Yearbook
Ⅰ. Introduction
1) Location
Russia is located in the north Eurasia continent (Far East Asia ~ Europe). Russia is the largest country in the world which is about 1/8 of the world’s land area. Because of this huge territory, there is an 11-hour time difference between East and West.
2) Climate
The huge territory of Russia also makes a various climate zone. Basically, Russia has continental
1. What is public enterprise?
* Definition
Public enterprise means corporate economic entity that all assets owned by the Public and registered according to law.
Public enterprise has both characteristics of profit-making corporate and public corporate as a form of Production and operation organization. The pursuit of profit reflects the preservation and appreciation of public assets. The publ