Construct of CC (Michael Canale & Merril Swain)
Grammatical Competence
: aspect of CC that encompasses “knowledge of lexical items and rules of morphology, syntax, sentence-grammar semantics, and phonology.”
Discourse Competence
: the ability we have to connect sentences in stretches of discourse and to form a meaningful whole out of a series of utterances.
→ Reflect the us
(1973) 4 Stages of Second Language Development
1. Random Error(Presystematic): Vaguely aware that there is systematic order. Stage of experimentation and inaccurate guessing
2. Emergent: In consistency in linguistic production. Begin to internalize certain rules. ‘U-shaped learning’. Unable to correct errors when they are pointed out. Avoidance of structures and topics.
other by discussing the situations in groups.
5. Analysis oflearners' characteristic
(1)Whole learner
-□□ high school, First grade
The number of girls is 18, boy is 20. Most students are healthy and have positive mind. But they are likely to be silent when they are given questions. They have different home circumstances and ability of English each other.
(2)Individual learner
INSTRUC-
TIONAL ANALYSIS
Activating knowledge about colors red, yellow, blue, black...
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Learning different kinds of clothes shirt, skirt, jacket...
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Stating names of clothes with colors a red sweater
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Finding clothes stated by other students playing games
LEARNERANALYSIS
1. General characteristics - 5th grade in e
Objectives
Goals in TBLT are ideally to be determined by the specific needs of particular learners. According to Long and Crookes(1993), selection of tasks should be based on a careful analysis of the real-world needs oflearners.
eg. The English Language Syllabus in Schools Malaysian (1975)
- giving all Malaysian secondary school leavers the ability to communicate accurately and