[영어교육]정렬구조와 비교구문(영문)
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분야
doc2. Parallel Structure
3. Parallel Comparison
Definition: Parallel structure means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. This can happen at the word, phrase, or clause level. The usual way to join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions such as "and" or "or."
Do you want to have lunch at Twelve Baskets, Mom’s Kitchen, or Hyoam Restaurant? (o)
Do you want to have lunch at Twelve Baskets, Mom’s Kitchen, or go to Hyoam Restaurant? (x)
(1) Words and Phrases
With the -ing form (gerund) of words:
OOO likes reading books, writing essays, and studying grammar.
With infinitive phrases:
OOO likes to read books, write essays, and study grammar.
OOO likes to read books, to write essays, and to study grammar.
⊙Note: You can use "to" before all the verbs in a sentence or only before the first one.
Do not mix forms.
OOO likes to read books, write essays, and studying grammars. (x)
(2) Clauses
A parallel structure that begins with clauses must keep on with clauses. Changing to another pattern or changing the voice of the verb (from active to passive or vice versa) will break the parallel structure.
Professor Yu told the students that they should work on final draft, that they should start to write second essay, and that they should prepare for upcoming grammar presentation. (o)
Professor Yu told the students that they should work on final draft, start to write second essay, and prepare for upcoming grammar presentation. (o)
Professor Yu told the students that they should work on final draft, that they should start to write second essay, and prepare for upcoming grammar presentation. (x)
(3) Lists after a Colon
Be sure to keep all the elements in a list in the same form.
The people of Handong lead a busy life doing these; to go to classes, project meetings, and appointment with their friends.(o)
The people of Handong lead a busy life doing these; to go to classes, project meetings, and going to appointment with their friends. (x)
3. Parallel Comparison
Definition: A parallel comparison means that you are comparing a noun with a noun or clause with a clause. When you make comparison, the things you compare should be appropriate for not only a part of speech but also sense each other.
List of Resorces
http://justine-dell.blogspot.com/2010/03/grammar-police-parallel-structure.html
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/623/01/
http://www.wikipedia.org/ “comparative”
Greater Essays, Keith Folse & Tison Pugh, 2007
Practice
1. Everyone should know that reading a book is [ ] (good) than watching television.
2. My grandfather always says that a good health is [ ] (important) than anything else.
3. Jessica is [ ] (bad) than Cristin at mathematics.
4. Going to Boston by car is [ ] (long) than going by train.
5. Tunisia is [ ] (beautiful) in summer than in winter.
6. Jack thought that the second part of that film is [ ] (interesting) than the first part.
7. I think that Turkish language is [ ] (hard) than French language.
8. New York is [ ] (big) than Dover.
9. Sorry for being so late! I ran here AS FAST AS I could.
10. The question was awfully difficult. The pupils answered AS WELL AS they could.
11. She can rest at home AS LONG AS she likes. We are not in a hurry.
12. We need your photo. It's urgent. Send it [ ] possible.
13. My mother is really fit. She goes swimming [ ] she can.
14. There's plenty to eat. They can have [ ] they like.
15. I know he is not easy, so I will try to be [ ] I can.
16. Although he was bored, he managed to look [ ] usual.
17. He spent his time studying Spanish, working at the convenience store, and he jogged every afternoon.
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/623/01/
http://www.wikipedia.org/ “comparative”
Greater Essays, Keith Folse & Tison Pugh, 2007
