formation of the deposited films was obtained using X-raydiffraction (XRD) spectra (X’ pert PRO, Phillips. Eindhoven, Netherlands). The surface morphology and roughness of the films was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, Model: JSM-6701F) and atomic force microscopy (AFM, Digital Instrument, nanoscope III) operated at room temperature, respectively. The electrical
conductivity measurements. The results show that the Au parti- cles are well-protected by the dithiol linker molecules and do not fuse into larger un- ited. The thin film material obtained clearly exhibits nonmetallic properties(i.e., electro -hopping conductivity and optical constants very different from those of metals).
Experimental
Preparation of gold seed solution
through Computational Chemistry (specially, LMOD method)
find out why the Cellulose is in-soluble in water.
The structure of cellulose
- Pyranose (6 mem. ring)
- With the cellobiose, 12 torsion angles
- Influence the conformational structure
& potential energy of cellobiose.
- φ & ψ ; determine the configuration
- About the specific φ & ψ, Region A~D
(1973) 4 Stages of Second Language Development
1. Random Error(Presystematic): Vaguely aware that there is systematic order. Stage of experimentation and inaccurate guessing
2. Emergent: In consistency in linguistic production. Begin to internalize certain rules. ‘U-shaped learning’. Unable to correct errors when they are pointed out. Avoidance of structures and topics.