of television and other forms of advertising, total campaign spending…….
For the first century of the Republic, voting was conducted in the open. The secret ballot became widespread at the end of the nineteenth century in response to such corrupt practices.
Australian ballot lists the names of all candidates running for a given office and allows the voter to select any candidate for an
Political culture
Definition
The widely shared beliefs, values, and norms citizens hold towards their government
A distinctive and patterned way of thinking about
how political and economic life ought to be carried out
Characteristics
Political Science
Changes over time
Varies from country to country and region to region
Used to predict political behavior (Voters and
1. History of Victims’Role in Criminal Trials
Victim-dominated Criminal Justice System
Distrust to tyrant (Political view - Prosecutor)
Reduce operating cost (Economic view - Victim)
Decline of victims’ participation
Practical reason: high rate of crime, but low rate of apprehension
- Population, townman assistance, bounty hunter
Philosophical reason: enlightenment theory
- S
2. F.M.D (Foot-and-mouth disease)
1) Definition
Foot-and-mouth disease is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic and wild bovid.
2) Clinical signs
The disease is characterized by high fever that declines rapidly after two or three days; blisters inside the mouth that lead to excessive secretion of stringy or foamy saliva and
of the economy held by the bumiputra. The country has since maintained a delicate ethno-political balance, with a system of government that has attempted to combine overall economic development with political and economic policies that promote equitable participation of all races.
Under Mahathir bin Mohamad there was a period of rapid economic growth and urbanization beginning in the 1980s. Th