Ge is an indirect band gap semiconductor with smaller energy difference between indirect gap and direct gap, and smaller effective masses for electron and hole pairs.
Small ionic radius difference between Ge ion and Zn ion.
These characteristics lead to the expectation that it is much easier to change the electronic structure around the band edge.
- The effects of doping and substrat
and Ge doped ZnO films. High-purity N2 gas was fed at about 100 sccm into the tube furnace at one end, while the other end was connected to a rotary pump. The growth process was allowed to proceed for 1 h. A vacuum of 6 Torr was maintained inside the tube furnace during the deposition of the films. The crystal structure and morphology of the products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD, S
Introduction
Traditional approach
: an airport directly faces the demand of final consumers (passengers and shippers), thus by-passing airlines operating at the airport.
Applying Modern
the method to investigate vertical structure Of airport, airlines(downstream firms) and customers
Objective of this paper
to investigate how the market structure of down Stream carriers
would affec
1. What are anabolic steroids?
(1) Definition andstructure of anabolic steroids
Anabolic steroids - or more precisely, anabolic-androgenic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone.
The effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids mimic those of testosterone. Natually synthesized hormones, such as testosterone, are types of lipids. they have a four-ring carbon skeleton and are synthe
RNA Virus Picornaviridae
Aphthovirus FMDV
Specified as 7 serotype
(O, A, C, SAT1, SAT2, Sat3, Asia1)
and 80 subtype
Serotype O is most common and current damage was caused by it
21-25 nm nonenveloped capsid virus
Icosahedral capsid structure containing ssRNA
Virus Capsid: made up from 4 encoded proteins (VP1~VP4)
VP1~VP3: capsid shell, VP4: inter