learner acquires language through motor movement – a right-hemisphere activity. Right-hemisphere activities must occur before the left hemisphere can process language for production. Similarly, the adult should proceed to language mastery through right-hemisphere motor activities, while the left hemisphere watches and learns. When a sufficient amount of right-hemisphere learning has taken p
errors)를 동해 언어를 습득하기 때문에 방어기제를 제거하는(낮추는) 것이 언어학습을 증진시킬 수 있다. Permeable(투과가능한)정도의 Inhibition이 필요하다(openness, vulnerability, ambiguity tolerance).
3. Risk-Taking
ⓓ willing to try out hunches about the L and take the risk of being wrong
○ It is related to "Self-esteem" (Self-esteem
The younger children is exposed to a richer second language environment
Being more comfortable using second language
The older children had to deal with many other subjects.
Being more comfortable using mother tongue
Younger child
Think with English
Speak with English
Older child
Think with First language
Speak with English
(1973) 4 Stages of Second Language Development
1. Random Error(Presystematic): Vaguely aware that there is systematic order. Stage of experimentation and inaccurate guessing
2. Emergent: In consistency in linguistic production. Begin to internalize certain rules. ‘U-shaped learning’. Unable to correct errors when they are pointed out. Avoidance of structures and topics.
Chinese will get here, eventually. They are fast learners, fast movers and good implementers when they have accurate blueprints. But right now they are a generation away from having competitive vehicles, and it appears most of them understand that.” Though Chinese companies are not having enough technology and ability to enter North American market currently, they will when they ready with its