(1973) 4 Stages of Second Language Development
1. Random Error(Presystematic): Vaguely aware that there is systematic order. Stage of experimentation and inaccurate guessing
2. Emergent: In consistency in linguistic production. Begin to internalize certain rules. ‘U-shaped learning’. Unable to correct errors when they are pointed out. Avoidance of structures and topics.
초등영어기초이론 Final Exam Study Guide
*1~4번 모두 Second Language Acquisition(SLA, 제2언어 습득이론)과 연관된 개념ㅋ
*2번은 Krashen의 입력 가설(Input Hypothesis)와 연관이 있기 때문에 Input Hypothesis 설명하고 나서 Output Hypothesis 설명하겠음 (2번 다음에 1번 설명 있음)
* Input Hypothesis: 언어 습득이 이루어지기 위
Grammar)
- 각 언어의 차이점은 보편문법의 원리에 적절한 매개변항(Parametization)을 설정함으로써 설명 가능
= 원리 및 매개변인 접근방법(Principles & Parameters)*
- 문법의 비교연구를 통하여 가능한 변수를 한정
- 어떤 문이 비문법적이라면 그것이 그 언어의 특정한 법칙(Language-Specific rules)을 어긴 것인지
Grammar
CFG PS-Rule 목록
S -> NP VP
VP -> V NP | V NP PP | V PP | V NP NP | V CP | Aux V NP PP
CP -> C S
PP -> P NP
V -> 'loves' | 'plays' | 'appears' | 'gives' | 'says' | 'be'
NP -> 'he' | 'me' | Det N | Det Adj N | Det N PP | N
N -> 'piano' | 'girl' | 'park' | 'boy' | 'bunch' | 'flower' | 'man' | 'future'
Det -> 'the' | 'a'
P -> 'for' | 'in' | 'of'
Aux -> 'will'
C -> 'that'
Adj
rules. In other words, though some students might get a chance to see for themselves the rules and patterns of spoken and written English, other students may have difficulty in actually making out those rules or hidden formulas, if not throughly expounded by the teacher at a pertinent time. And in spite of written grammatical expressions at the very bottom of the page, I cannot positively assure