분야
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The Origin of IoT in Autonomous Vehicle Industry
The origin of IoT usage within vehicle industry date back in early 1958, where the idea of the self-driving car became prominent (Ninan, Simon, et al). It was not until 1995 during the embedded era that different auto companies started exploring the connectivity aspect of the car and the roads, for instance, GM OnStar. But the idea was never implemented because of its capital-intensive involvement, lack of competition and use cases at the time. The first experience of true IoT was seen during infotainment era which ranges from 2007 to 2012 (refer to figure 1 below). During this era, the car technology such as Ford Sync and GM Mylink took advantage of wireless connectivity aspect which was enabled by the wireless IoT technology. It was at this time the IoT usage in connecting autonomous car through smart cities and different car networks became prevalent. The image below highlights the key eras where the IoT experienced an exponential growth until today.
2. Challenge and Risk
Today’s automakers are still facing fierce competition and challenges. Essentially, an autonomous car needs to replace a human driver from three aspects: perception, computing and control (Tim Menke, 2017). The technology to complete these tasks is achieved through several kinds of high-tech devices, including cameras, radars and computers. Cameras and radars can receive photos and sounds while computers will integrate all the information and hand out instructions to control electronics just as human brains do.
However, these high-tech devices have some risks. For example, cameras perform well in identifying shapes and colors, but they are bad at calculating the distance between cars and surrounding objects. The main computer of the car requires the high-level system to guarantee accuracy and safety.
In addition to technical problems, policy and regulation issues are also challenging for automakers. Although some cities nationwide have allowed autonomous vehicle testing on public roads, there are still many other cities that are not prepared for large-scale deployment of autonomous vehicles (NEWS STAFF, 2017). They still need time for the government to consider the benefits and drawbacks.
3. The Current State of the Autonomous Vehicles Industry
Autonomy
The level of “autonomy” currently available on the market is 2, which enables partial automation (refer to figure 2 below). One of the best-known products at this level is Tesla Model S (refer to figure 3 for full list). Level 3 and 4 (and even level 5 in few cases) vehicles are currently being tested by many car manufacturers, suppliers, and platform developers such as GM and NVIDIA.
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