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분야
pptDetailed Outline
Characteristics
Cost
Consequences
Statistical Issues
Perspective
IoRQ
Direct medical costs Hospitalizations, physician visits, drugs etc
Fixed costs Costs that do not vary according to degree of use, such as overhead, including heat, lighting, rent
Variable costs Costs that vary as a function of volume, such as drug costs, fees for professional services, supplies
Direct non-medical costs Transportation, caregiver costs, child care expenses etc
Indirect costs Work loss, lost productivity
Intangible costs Pain, suffering, inconvenience, grief
Ⅱ. Costs
B. Valuation of medication costs
- Four steps have been proposed to assist in valuation medication
costs
1. group drugs by brand or generic categories
2. Use the National Therapeutic Index to determine the modal dose
3. Determine the average wholesale price
4. Apply the average wholesale price to all drugs being compared
in the study and add the dispensing fee
Ⅲ. Identify, measure, and value resources and outcomes
- Measuring resources
perspective is critical
watch for migration of resources
some resources are difficult to separate
- Valuing resources
market values of goods and services in health care
opportunity costs and market value
don’t confuse charges and costs
scrutinize the source of data
