소개글
핀란드의 사회와 문화(영문)에 대한 자료입니다.
목차
1. Introduction
2. Sauna
3. Architecture, Festival
4. UNESCO World Heritage
5. Social Welfare
6. Education System
7. SANTA CLAUS VILLAGE
본문내용
History - Swedish era
Swedish kings established their rule in the Northern Crusades from the 12th century until 1249. The area of present-day Finland became a fully consolidated part of the Swedish kingdom.
Swedish-speaking settlers arrived at the coastal regions during the medieval time.
In the 17th century, Swedish became the dominant language of the nobility, administration and education; Finnish was chiefly a language for the peasantry, clergy and local courts in predominantly Finnish-speaking areas.
In the 18th century, wars between Sweden and Russia led to the occupation of Finland twice by Russian forces. By this time Finland was the predominant term for the whole area from the Gulf of Bothnia to the Russian border.
History - Russian Empire era
Finland became an autonomous Grand Duchy in the Russian Empire until the end of 1917.
During the Russian era, the Finnish language began to gain recognition. From the 1860s onwards, a strong Finnish nationalist movement known as the Fennoman movement grew.
The Finnish language's achieving equal legal status with Swedish in 1892.
Economic and political development was rapid
In 1906, universal suffrage was adopted in the Grand Duchy of Finland. However, the relationship between the Grand Duchy and the Russian Empire soured when the Russian government made moves to restrict Finnish autonomy.