also may result in over
Cooling of large areas, leading to excessive package cost.
• Active cooling technologies have shed new light on this matter.
And Thermoelectric cooler(TEC) has been the most accessible one.
Not discrete, thick bulk materials.
• Some of literature describe about thin-film TEC
Venkatasubramanian et al.
Bottner et al.
Snyder et al.
Chowdhury et al.
General theoretical sintering temperature is 70% of the melting point
- ZrO2 : Tm – 2700 ℃ sintering temperature - 1890 ℃
- Al2O3 : Tm - 2050 ℃ sintering temperature - 1435 ℃
The actual sintering temperature
- ZrO2 : 1400 ℃
- Al2O3 : 1650 ℃
The alumina has Corundum structure , this is stable transformation of a-Al2O3
rhombohedral
T
are uniform throughout the tank. An advantage of the CMAS process is the dilution of shock loads that occur in the treatment of industrial wastewaters. The CMAS process is relatively simple to operate but tends to have low organic substrate concentrations(i.e., low F/M ratios)that encourage the growth of filamentous bacteria, causing sludge bulking problems.
< Requirement & Assumption >
A manufacturing process–2
CNT Array of hundreds of full bloom that grew on silicon plate.
A confidential talk calls slowly a stainless steel cylinder in the front of sample ores so that all CNT falls down between Membrane and silicon plate.
Bucky paper and Membrane disconnect with silicon plate
Just remove by ethanol washing.
Electrical Property
Ther
bulk of the skin
Composed of collagen with elastin
and glycosaminoglycans (GAG’s)
major role in the biomechanics of the skin
Hypodermis
Adipose tissue (vascularized, connective tissue)
Contributes to both the thermoregulatory
Shook absorber and insulator.
Contains larger blood vessels and nerves than those found in the dermis
Burn
2nd degree
Damage in epi
Structure of Thin film batteries
Encapsulation
Direct connect with battery’s stability
Protection the anode from exterior
Ex) Parlylene, Cr, V
Anode
Desorbs electrons as discharging
Ex) Li, SnO2, C
Electrolyte
High density of charge carrier
High density of vacancy & interstitial site
Low activation Energy of hopping
Cathode
Absorb electrons as discharging
Direct connect w
Stable at high temperatures
in inert atmospheres
Surface oxidation occurs
Wurtzite structure
- Applications
LED
Military applications
Surface acoustic wave sensors
Properties AlN
Molar Mass 40.9882g/mol
Appearance White to pale-yellow solid
Band gap 6.2 eV
Density 3.260g/cm3
Melting Point 2200°C
Boiling Point 2517°C
Solubility in water Decomposes
Thermal Conductivi
Change of climate
Climate is a weather that averagely changes for several centuries
Before the time of industrial revolution, CO2 density maintain balance
Due to industrial revolution, human affect the climatesystem
Climate keep going warm steadily
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.
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Single crystalline SI solar cell
single -> wood [lumber]
Poly -> veneer board
High efficiency,
no matter where work
Due to indirect band gap,
optical absortion rate is very low
Single crystalline solar cell
Single crystalline
Classification Single crystalline
Degree of purity high
Defect density low
Efficiency High
Maximum limi