1. 고령화사회로의 진전과 노인자원봉사활동의 의의
1) 고령화사회로의 전환에 따른 사회문제
고령화로 인한 개인적․사회적 측면에서 야기되는 문제들은 사회적 차원에서의 해결과제로서 대두되고 있다. 사회적인 측면에서는 고령자와 생산연령인구 간의 균형과 관련된 문제, 노인만의 가구
Laboratory Monitoring of Patients with HIV Infection
Patients with CD4+ T cell counts <200/L are at high risk of disease from P. jiroveci, while patients with CD4+ T cell counts <50/L are at high risk of disease from CMV, mycobacteria of the M. avium complex (MAC), and/or T. gondii. Patients with HIV infection should have CD4+ T cell measurements performed at the time of diagnosis and every 3&
● 조직 손상에 대한 반응 (RESPONSE TO TISSUE DAMAGE)
염증 : 조직 손상에 의해서 나타나는 비특이적인 반응
목적
• 미생물이나 독소 같은 원인 제거
• 죽은 조직 제거
• 죽은 조직을 정상 조직으로 대처하거나 반흔 형성
1. 급성 염증 (Acute inflammation)
세포 손상에 대한 순간적인 반응으로
(1) no effective treatment
(2) lung transplantation
(3) smoking cessation
7) 예후
Factors influencing progression
① cumulative exposure to asbestos
② duration of exposure
③ type of asbestos exposure
3. 탄광부 진폐증 (Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis)
1) 석탄분진을 흡입하여 발생
2) simple : opacity < 1 cm
2. F.M.D (Foot-and-mouth disease)
1) Definition
Foot-and-mouth disease is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic and wild bovid.
2) Clinical signs
Thedisease is characterized by high fever that declines rapidly after two or three days; blisters inside the mouth that lead to excessive secretion of stringy or foamy saliva and
the major influences on amenorrhea.)
Bonding
유대(bonding)란 어머니가 진통 및 아기와의 눈맞춤, 아기의 웃음 등을 경험한 후에 생기는 것으로 모유수유를 하면서 모아상호 작용을 하면서 유대감이 형성될 수 있다. 수유상황을 통해 신생아는 자신의 생존에 필요한 기본 욕구를 충족시키고, 어머니는 신생아
▦ Physiologic Action of Gut Hormones
Criteria
① Peptide must be related into blood during time that a biologic response in a target organ is being stimulated or inhibited
② IV infusion of pure natural peptide must reproduce the effect on target organ
③ Synthetic peptide should reproduce the effect found with natural peptide
④ Circulating concentration of peptide that cause stimulat
80% of all new cases of tuberculosis were limited to the lungs
Symptoms and signs:
Nonspecific and insidious,
consisting mainly of fever and night sweats, weight loss, anorexia, general malaise, and weakness
Cough: nonproductive ->purulent sputum, blood streaking
Hemoptysis
Pleuritic chest pain
Dyspnea
Rales in the involved areas du
Estimating CHD Risk
The National Cholesterol Education Program has developed charts for estimating the actual likelihood that one will develop CHD within the next 10 years.
Table 8.4 for adult males (p269), Table 8.5 for adult females (p270)
The ATP 3rd guidelines recommend that this assessment could be used for reducing CHD risk for persons with 2 or more CHD risk factors.
The variab
Heart disease
Cardiovascular(heart) disease
- a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels
- the biggest cause of deaths worldwide
(Wikipedia)
Examples :
Coronary heart disease
Cardiomyopathy - diseases of cardiac muscle
Hypertensive heart disease - diseases of the heart secondary to high blood pressure
Heart failure
Cor pulmonale - a failure of the right sid