1. The Great Chain of Being Metaphor
(Christian explanation of hierarchical structure of being from God to the lowest non-being)
-> Dung recognized as filthy thing in
human being’s conceptual frame
2. Rich Image Metaphor
(Low abstraction, low systematicity of mapping, importance of cultural knowledge, conventionality)
->Dung is used in many words which contain negative images in
In 589,St. Augustine is sent to the king
of Kent, Ethel Bert.
At the same time, missionaries who
came from Ireland are propagated the
Christian religion at the north.
Passed from mouth to mouth
Point up religious themes
Use heroic and alliterative verse
Masterpiece : Beowulf
Name : Erard Hendrik Hofstede
(born 3 October 1928, Haarlem)
Experience :
He is a influential Dutch organizational sociologist who studied the interactions between national cultures and organizational cultures.
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종교적 저술은 다음과 같다. 말년에 아널드는 그의 평생의 지속적인 관심거리이고 진정한 핵심을 이루는 종교 문제를 다루어 〈성 바울로와 신교 St. Paul and Protestantism〉(1870)․〈문학과 독단 Literature and Dogma〉(1873)․〈하느님과 성서 God and the Bible〉(1875)․〈교회와 종교 Last Essays on Church and Relig
『문화와 무질서』(Culture and Anarchy)는 1869년에 책으로 처음 출판되었고, 그 원래 형태로는 다시는 재출판되지 않았다. 1875년에 제 2 판 출판제의를 받자, 아놀드는 조심스럽게 전체 내용을 수정하였다. 잘못된 오식을 바로잡았고, 책 표제지(title-page) 뒷면의 유포본(Vulgate)에 제구(題句, motto)를 추가했으며