materials with a dielectric constant less than the dielectric constant of silicon dioxide, κ<4
First low-κ was applied at the 180nm technology node
Year of Production 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Technology node 65 45 32
DRAM ½ Pitch (nm) 70 65 57 50 45 40 36 32
MPU ½ Pitch (nm)
78 68 59 52 45 40 36 32
Interlevel metal insulator – effective dielectric constan
A Sustainable City
Providing the highest quality of life with the lowest environmental footprint
100% Renewable Energy
Zero Waste
Net Zero Carbon
Fossil Fuel Free Zone
size formation
↓
Thin layer is maintained
uniformly
▼ View from Above
A large number of
compact pipes
Make the
Surface area Larger
▼ View from Side
Fin
Thin and insulated panel
Fix the pipes
make cooling space with air
between the fins
Titanium
Light weight↓
High thermal conductivity↑
High strength↑
High corrosion resistance↑
First, Substrate is consists of a plastic or glass, a portion of the OLED is supportive.Anode is a role that make electron holes when current flows by removing electron. And the upper Conducting Layer is the place that Electron Holes is being created.Emissive Layer is the place accepting an electron from Cathode and produce light.
Emissive layer and conducting layer are called organic layer beca