1. 임파워먼트란?
임파워먼트(Empowerment)는 ‘주다’라는 의미의 ‘em'과 ’권력‘이란 의미의 ’power'가 결합된 말로, 평등과 관련하여 경영학보다는 정치학 사회학 등 타 분야에서 먼저 시작되었다. 이는 말 그대로 권력을 제공한다는 것을 의미하며, ‘권한을 부여하다’라는 의미로 설명할 수 있다.
to a set of standards, to strive to succeed
The need to make others behave in a way in which they would not have behaved otherwise
The desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships
But, the relationship between goals and performance will depend on:
Goal commitment
“I want to do it & I can do it”
Task characteristics (simple, well-learned)
National culture
초등영어기초이론 Final Exam Study Guide
*1~4번 모두 Second Language Acquisition(SLA, 제2언어 습득이론)과 연관된 개념ㅋ
*2번은 Krashen의 입력 가설(Input Hypothesis)와 연관이 있기 때문에 Input Hypothesis 설명하고 나서 Output Hypothesis 설명하겠음 (2번 다음에 1번 설명 있음)
* Input Hypothesis: 언어 습득이 이루어지기 위
Defining Motivation
How do you define motivation?
-> The extent to which you make choices about
(a) goals to pursue
(b) the effort you will
devote to that pursuit
(1973) 4 Stages of Second Language Development
1. Random Error(Presystematic): Vaguely aware that there is systematic order. Stage of experimentation and inaccurate guessing
2. Emergent: In consistency in linguistic production. Begin to internalize certain rules. ‘U-shaped learning’. Unable to correct errors when they are pointed out. Avoidance of structures and topics.