Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana. Oettinger (1966)
컴퓨터가 자연적인 언어(natural language)를 처리하도록 하는 데에 있어서의 어려움에 대한 초기의 연구에서, Anthony Oettinger는 우리가 예상되는 구조(expected structure)에 기반하여 어떻게 문장을 번역하는지, 그리고 우리가 번역하며 오류를 범했을 때,
Construct of CC (Michael Canale & Merril Swain)
Grammatical Competence
: aspect of CC that encompasses “knowledge of lexical items and rules of morphology, syntax, sentence-grammar semantics, and phonology.”
Discourse Competence
: the ability we have to connect sentences in stretches of discourse and to form a meaningful whole out of a series of utterances.
→ Reflect the us
Language transfer
( =L1 interference, linguistic interference, cross meaning)
speakers or writers applying knowledge from
their native language to a second language.
1) Positive transfer (facilitation)
When the relevant unit or structure of
both languages is the same, linguistic interference can result in correct language production.
e.g.) Korean - Japanese
2) Negati
Users are not professional users
Lack of education focused on the use of information technology
Frequency of use will sometimes be low
Low motivation for practice, for reading directions and for formal training
=> Design methods need to focus on enabling the development of an instant mental model that allows useful interaction
Example of The Dutch railway company
Mismatch of designers
Pattern)과 규칙의 체계를 지닌다. 즉 한 문장은 어떤 규칙에 의한 구구조(Phrase Structure)를 지닌다는 것이 변형생성문법의 기본개념이다. 그러나 문장의 발화(Utterance)에 우리가 말하는 문장구조를 모두 나타낼 수는 없으며 이를 나타내기 위해서는 발화 배후의 구조와 이 구조를 만들어낸 규칙에 의해서 연