Single European Act
- Functionalism & Intergovernmentalism
Revival in economic and political co-operation in Western Europe
- The removal of non-tariff barriers, Integration market – financial service
- Monetary integration and coordination of macroeconomic policy
Change of Institutions
- Majority Voting for the Council Ministers
I. Introduction of currency wars
War using the exchange rate policy has been sustainable like Europe’s exchange rate policy in the early 20th century and Japan’s exchange rate policy after World War II. Recently, Economic purposes such as restoring slowdown of economy due to financial crisis and recovery of trade deficit are combined with political purpose and retaliatory currency manipul
in London.
*Creation of the European Travel Commission (ETC), the first Regional Commission within IUOTO. It is followed by those for Africa (1949), Middle East (1951), Central Asia (1956) and the Americas (1957).
*IUOTO is granted United Nations consultative status.
*IUOTO transfers its headquarters to Geneva, Switzerland, where it remains until 1975.
Recently, In April 10 2011, the prime minister of Republic of China, Wen Jiabao, announced that china will continuously implement the tightening measures against inflation and the real estate market which had begun since the April 2010. In respond, China's central bank said it would raise the amount of money that lenders must keep in reserve as official concerns persist over inflation and rising
and the business philosophy they had worked so hard to achieve and maintain. As Rich Snyder commented about franchising in Forbes: "My feeling is I would be prostituting my parents by doing that. There is money to be made by doing those things, but you lose something, and I don't want to lose what I was raised with all my life." Fast growth was not one of the Snyders' goals, but they did have pla
II. What Are Credit Derivatives?
Derivatives are defined as the exchange or contract which has economic values deriving from the reference assets or index. According to their types, there are overall forward, future, option, and swap. Derivatives are the financial derivatives, which are enabled to trade in the market while consisting of separating the credit risk only to the holder of basic p
similar to the 4 door saloon version of the Chevrolet Classic still produced in Brazil, for those who wanted a bigger trunk and more room with for the same low price.
A 2006 Corsa saloon made in Brazil
The design was not changed until 2000, when it was facelifted in Europe with transparent headlights, newer rear lights and new interior. A station wagon imported from Argentina was also launche
the repayment burden of foreign debt and the cost of imported raw materials
Government Failure to deal with corporate insolvencies devastating effect
Exchange rate policy
Waiting until the foreign currency reverses plummeted
Reason for making policy mistakes
The lame duck
The Ministry of Finance and Economy
& The central bank
2. Marketing in Mobile Industry
In mobile product industry, Apple uses different strategy. Although Apple is maintaining the same brandand product image, and positioning itself in a similar manner, it is targeting on broader users. As a result, Apple possesses large market share in this sector. This sector consists of three products: an iPod, an MP3 player, iPhone, a smart phone, and an iPad, a
2. The problems of PIIGS
PIGS, the original acronym, referred in 1997 to Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain. Similar terms, such as "the Olive Belt" or "Club Med", have also been used for the same or similar groupings of countries in southern Europe. The term became popular again during the financial crisis of 2007–2010 when the economies of Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Spain were seen a