2. Theories of Political Control of Bureaucracy 관료제의 정치적 통제에 관한 이론
Ⅰ. Introduction : What Are Theories of Control of Bureaucracy? 관료제 통제 이론은 무엇인가?
관료통제이론
관료통제이론은 크게 두 가지로 접근할 수 있는데, 첫 번째로 관료가 법 또는 입법자의 선택 또는 선출된 행정관에 순응하는
2. F.M.D (Foot-and-mouth disease)
1) Definition
Foot-and-mouth disease is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic and wild bovid.
2) Clinical signs
The disease is characterized by high fever that declines rapidly after two or three days; blisters inside the mouth that lead to excessive secretion of stringy or foamy saliva and
elections. Two rival politicians at the time were Kyongsang province based Kim Young Sam and Cholla province based Kim Dae-Jung. In addition, the fact that the nation was finally democratized overcoming the long tenure of authoritarian rule and that it was a direct presidential election system in 16 years since April 27th 1971 elections, enhanced the citizens’ eagerness to vote.
Given this sit
Reasons for Regionalism in Korea
Economic development policies of authoritarian regimes
Weak institutionalization of Korea political parties
Kyongsang
Park Chung-Hee(5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th)
Chun Doo-Hwan(11th, 12th)
Roh Tae-Woo(13th)
Kim Young-Sam(14th)
Jeolla
Kim Dae-Jung(15th)
Official Results of Presidential Elections, by Region
15th Presidential Election :
Kim Dae Jung vs
elections. Two rival politicians at the time were Kyongsang province based Kim Young Sam and Cholla province based Kim Dae-Jung. In addition, the fact that the nation was finally democratized overcoming the long tenure of authoritarian rule and that it was a direct presidential election system in 16 years since April 27th 1971 elections, enhanced the citizens’ eagerness to vote.
Given this sit
Reasons for Regionalism in Korea
Economic development policies of authoritarian regimes
Weak institutionalization of Korea political parties
Kyongsang
Park Chung-Hee(5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th)
Chun Doo-Hwan(11th, 12th)
Roh Tae-Woo(13th)
Kim Young-Sam(14th)
Jeolla
Kim Dae-Jung(15th)
Official Results of Presidential Elections, by Region
15th Presidential Election :
Kim Dae J
1.2.2. The Law of Requisite Variety
The Law of Requisite Variety says that the number of different states of a system’s control mechanism must be higher than or at least equal to the number of (possible) different states in the system being controlled, in order to guarantee stability. But in reality, the variety of the environment is larger than the variety of the organization.
Stafford Beer
English Law
Dispersed Ownership
Power focus on
external stakeholders
Financing mostly from
stock market
Regulations to protect external investors
Continental Law
Concentrated Ownership
Power focus on
internal stakeholders
Financing mostly through loans
Regulations to protect
internal stakeholders
1.Under Common Law
Long-term capital from
> 집권당
국가를 조정하는 중요한 역할 수행.
> 정치적 충원의 대리인 역할
의회와 행정부의 후보들을 준비하고 충원하는 중요 행위자 역할.
> 이익을 통합하는 대리인 역할
여러 가지 특수 요구들을 보다 다루기 쉬운 종합적 제안들로 여과.
> 그들의 지지자들과 유권자들에게 ‘브랜드(bran
Professional journals
Journal of Advertising, Public Relations Review, Journal of Public Relations Research, Journal of Advertising Research, etc., 홍보학연구, 한국언론학보, 광고학연구, 한국광고홍보학보
Magazines and periodicals
Advertising Age, (www.adage.com/) and PR Week etc. (www. Prweekus.com)
Research summaries
The Internet
Everyday situations
Is the topic