and side ofthe iPhone 3GS, identical to the iPhone 3G. The switches were black plastic on the original model. From left to right, sides: On/off switch, SIM card slot, headphone jack, silence switch, volume controls. Top: speaker, screen.
The iPhone features an internal rechargeable battery. Like an iPod but unlike most other cell phones, the battery is not user-replaceable. The iPhone can be ch
the surface area ofthe conductor plates and inversely proportional to the separation distance between the plates. If the charges on the plates are +Q and −Q, and V gives the voltage between the plates, then the capacitance is given by
C= Q/V
SI unit of capacitance is the farad; 1 farad is 1 coulomb per volt. Capacitance can be calculated if the geometry ofthe conductors andthe dielectr
Working in the static mode, thebending arises as a consequence of a surface stress change induced by any molecular reaction which takes places on only one ofthe cantilever surfaces. The induced surface stress change could be positive or negative, depending on the surface deformation generated. The factors and phenomena responsible for this change is today not fully understood due to the complex
For comparative purposes the corresponding peak-to-background ratios were: 4.4, 7.1 and 7.9 for 5kV, 10kV and 15kV, respectively. In addition to Nb, other elemental peaks could be detected from the surrounding materials. TheAland Si peaks were generated from the holder (the O peak was visible due to oxidation ofthe holder itself), the Ni peak originated from the sample grid andthe extraction
beam < 500 ppm/°C at 200 °C
Surface hardness Nanoindentation > 1 GPa
Elastic modulus Nanoindentation > 6 GPa
Adhesion Tape pull, modified-edge lift-off Delamination-free
Disavantages
Weakens mechanical properties
Lower thermal conductivity
Narrow pore distribution to ensure dielectric constant is homogeneous and isotropic
Pores need to be closed cells to prevent crack propagation an