of each number from its mean.
For example, for the numbers 1, 2, and 3, the mean is 2 and the variance is:
Standard Deviation
the square root of the variance
The probability that the observed relationship or a difference in a sample occurred by pure chance, and that in the population from which the sample was drawn, no such relationship or differences exist
Example, a p-value of .05
5% pro
PI controller 에서 가장 중요한 것은 각각에 사용되는 저항을 결정하여 각 controller의 Gain 값 및, Response를 조절 하는 것이다.
◎저항 결정방법
저항 결정 방법은 이론적 방법과 실험적 방법으로 나눌 수 있다. 편의상 이렇게 두 가지 종류로 구분하였으나, 실제적으로는 두 방법이 함께 사용될 때 최적의 c
Ⅰ. Introduction
1.1 Introduction of Fuel / Air ratio control system
오늘날 자동차는 배기가스로 배출되는 일산화탄소(CO) 와 질소산화물(NO)등으로 인하여 대기오염의 주범으로 꼽힌다. 이와 같은 오염물들은 미연소 혹은 불완전 연소에 의해 발생되는데, 그 실질적인 원인은 기화기의 연료-공기비율(F/A:Fuel Air
1. Introduction
1) Definition of preservation and food-spoilage micro-organisms
Food preservation is the process of treating and handling food to stop or greatly slow down spoilage (loss of quality, edibility or nutritive value) caused or accelerated by micro-organisms. Some methods, however, use benign bacteria, yeasts or fungi to add specific qualities and to preserve food (e.g., cheese, wine
The U.S. sub-prime financial crisis of 2008 was caused by sharp house price increases in 2006 called “housing bubbles.” This not only caused overvaluation of house prices but also excessive borrowing. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, two government agencies who created the secondary market for mortgage-backed securities, bought and held conforming mortgages and turned a similar amount of home loan
Situation Analysis
1) The analysis of Korean Economy
① Slowing economic growth
With the worsening global economic conditions and falling domestic consumption, the nation will not likely achieve higher growth for the foreseeable future. If the global economy slows seriously, our economy can’t avoid damage because exports of goods and services account for 66 percent of our gross domest
of cable. But when two wires are adjacent in the same layer in multiple sections of the cable, there are so many problems with interference and crosstalk. So we need the mathematical rules in this time.
Like this, math is very useful in many ways. Above all the fact that the number theory we've learned can explain the cryptosystem and the splicing telephone cables motivates us to study harder
of one attribute they are willing to give up in order to gain a unit of another attribute. Explicit weighting and comparison of trade-offs is assumed.
Decision makers may avoid explicitly weighing different decision attributes against one another because doing so requires mentally-taxing mathematical calculations. Decision makers are also concerned about something else: minimizing negative
value]
- 실험에서 여러 번 측정 경우, 앞에서 읽은 값과 다른 갑을 간혹 얻는다. 이 경우 이들 두값을 평균하여 나타낸다. 가장 일반적인 평균값은 산술평균(arithmetical mean), 측정값 a와 b일 때, 산술 평균은 (a +b) / 2, 측정 값이 무질서하게 변하지 않는다면, 기하평균(geometric mean)을 이용. 두수 a와 b의 기하