of investigating the causes, they revealed that the Gwanfia ofthe Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries is related to corruption. Gwanfia is a portmanteau made from 'gwan', meaning government or bureaucracy and mafia. A deep-rooted, widespread network of former government employees who moved to private companies or business associations after leaving officialdom is regarded as a type of Mafia.
Gwan
Hierarchical pyramid structure
The judge's independent and creative role can be disregarded
Closed organization
Cut off from the public
Ideal
Open and rational organization
Horizontal organization which is fair and equal position for all judge
Organization based on expertise and knowledge
Decentralized decision and empowerment
The recruitment methods ofthe judicial sys
1. Introduction
1) background and purpose of study
Germany and Republic Of Korea have similialities to bureaucracy public administration system. One of that, what ROK have to focusing on comparative public adminstration, firstly is historical background. ROK grew up as much as people call to “Four Dragons of Asia” in 1970s, wether they go through Korean war in 1950 under the Conflict the
Ⅰ. Introduction
1) Location
Russia is located in the north Eurasia continent (Far East Asia ~ Europe). Russia is the largest country in the world which is about 1/8 ofthe world’s land area. Because of this huge territory, there is an 11-hour time difference between East and West.
2) Climate
The huge territory of Russia also makes a various climate zone. Basically, Russia has continental
IV. Administrative Systems in North Korea
At first, North Korea established a ‘people’s republic constitution’ in 1948. In December 1972, they adopted a ‘socialist constitution’ at the first session ofthe fifth Supreme People's Assembly. In April 1992, they reformed it(old socialist constitution) at the third session ofthe ninth Supreme People's Assembly. In 1998, they drastically a