Ⅰ. 요약
인지과학이란 무엇인지 그 의미를 확인하고, 어떻게 해서 발달되어왔는지, 어떤 학문들이 들어있는지를 확인해본 후 HCI(Human Computer Interface)와 어떤 관련이 있고, 인지과학이란 어떤 학문인지 생각하고 앞으로 어떻게 발달될 것인지 생각하는데 의의가 있다.
Ⅱ. 서론
인지과학이라는
5-4 What are the potential costs of adopting a free trade regime? Do you think governments should do anything to reduce these costs? What?
▲ 기술수준 차이를 극복하는 비용
- 후진국의 입장에서 보면 어떤 산업에 비교 우위가 있다고 하자. 그러나 절대적인 기술 격차가 있어서 선진국의 기술 수준을 따라 잡지 못하는 현상이 있을
Early Instructional Theory
Basic principles of Curriculum and Instruction
Mastery Learning and Individualized Instruction
- The Model of school learning.
- Human Characteristics and School Learning.
Cognitive Theory of Instruction.
Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction
Ralph Tyler
Develop basic principles for instruction.
Four Basic principles
-Identifying the purposes
Lent et al.’s Social- Cognitive Career Theory
Based their work on social cognitive theory of Albert Bandura
- Influences of environment
Parents
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LPOD&mid=tvh&oid=422&aid=0000035366
Direct inheritance
Apprenticeship training
Direct encouragement/ order
2) Peers
Associate with peers
3) School Personnel
Teacher, coach, mentor, g
What is Social cognitive theory?
Social cognitive theory accepts that parts of an individual's knowledge acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the context of social interactions and experiences.
Behaviorism is a suggestion that all organisms should be regarded as behaviors.
Strength and Weakness
of
Modeling
in differentiated learning
Strength an
cognitive dissonance) 란
: 현상의 실체에 대한 지각, 판단, 사고 등의 지식이 결합되어 형성된 하나의 인지가 다른 인지들과 논리적으로 불일치하여 발생한 부조화 관계. 1957년 사회심리학자 페스팅거(L, Festinger)가 제기한 이론이다.
그의 인지의 부조화이론(theory ofcognitive dissonance)은 원래 사람들의 자기
Rationale for the use of such theoretical orientations
CBT includes a variety of approaches and therapeutic systems; some of the most well-known include cognitive therapy, rational motive behavior therapy and multimodal therapy. One etiological theory of depression is Aaron Beck's cognitive theory of depression. His theory states that depressed people think the way they do because their thinking
of a perpetrator impairs witnesses' ability to remember accurate information about the perpetrator's appearance, including his or her physical features and clothing. Kerri L. Pickel etc (2007), The weapon focus effect in child eyewitnesses, Psychology Crime & Law
Weapon focus effect theory is based on the cognitive reponses of people-where they see, how long their eyes are focused on the weapon-
What is Priming Theory?
Iyengar & Kinder proposed media priming effect to overcome the major constraint of agenda setting theory.
Hypothesis
1)People do not pay attention to everything they see and their attention is considerably selective.
2)Views are grounded on the assumption that people generally are cognitive misers.
Politeness principle,
Like Cooperative principle
Lakoff suggests,
Don’t impose
Give options
Make your receiver feel good
No immediate practical purpose
may be taken or left as the receiver wishes
There is no burden!
But,
literary texts
take up a great deal of time
⇒ burdensome!
Both keep and break the maxim,
‘Don’t impose